With the critical point calculator, it is possible to calculate the critical point of a substance quickly and simply, using the properties of temperature, pressure and volume. If you are a student or professional in the areas of Chemistry or Chemical Engineering, you know how challenging it can be to perform complex calculations to determine the critical point of a substance.
The Critical Point Calculator is a valuable tool to get accurate results in a matter of seconds. With it, just enter the properties of the substance in the input fields and click on “Calculate”.
In addition, the calculator can also be used as an educational tool, allowing students to learn more about the critical point concept and its applications in industry and scientific research.
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What is Critical Point?
The critical point is a thermodynamic state in which a substance shows no difference between liquid and gas phases. In other words, physical properties such as pressure, temperature and volume change abruptly and the two phases become indistinguishable.
This state is characteristic of each substance and can be described through its thermodynamic properties. To calculate the critical point of a substance, it is necessary to know its physical properties and use a specific mathematical formula.
To calculate the critical point of a substance, it is necessary to know its physical properties and perform complex calculations, which can be a challenge for many students and professionals. That's why the critical point calculator was created, a tool that allows you to calculate the critical point of a substance quickly and simply, using the properties of temperature, pressure and volume.
Critical Point Calculator
How the Critical Point Calculator works
The calculator is quite simple to use. Just enter the temperature, pressure and volume values of the substance in the input fields and click on the “Calculate” button. Then the calculator performs the necessary mathematical formula and displays the result on the page.
The formula used by the calculator to calculate the critical point is as follows:
criticalpoint = (3 * pressure * volume) / (8 * R * temperature)
Where:
critical pointis the critical point of the substance in question, in mol/m³;pressureis the pressure of the substance, in Pa;volumeis the volume of the substance, in m³/mol;temperatureis the temperature of the substance, in K;Ris the universal gas constant, in J/(mol.K).
With this formula, it is possible to calculate the critical point of several substances, as long as their physical properties are known. However, it is important to remember that the measurement units must be consistent with the magnitudes used in the formula. If the values entered by users are in other units of measure, it is necessary to perform the appropriate conversion before performing the calculation.
In addition, it is important to highlight that the critical point of a substance may vary according to environmental conditions, such as pressure and temperature. Therefore, the calculation performed by the calculator represents only an estimate of the critical point of the substance in question.
Critical Points Table
Below is a table with 50 substances and their respective critical points calculated in Kelvin, Pascal and cubic meters per mole, using the previously mentioned formula:
| Substance | Critical point (K) | Critical point (Pa) | Critical point (m³/mol) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 647.3 | 22064000 | 0.0559 |
| Acetic Acid | 592.0 | 5838000 | 0.2548 |
| hydrocyanic acid | 456.6 | 5053000 | 0.0984 |
| Formic acid | 533.0 | 5570000 | 0.1034 |
| Acetylene | 308.0 | 6137000 | 0.0879 |
| Ammonia | 405.4 | 11134000 | 0.0231 |
| carbonic anhydride | 304.2 | 7380000 | 0.0942 |
| sulfuric anhydride | 655.0 | 20190000 | 0.0756 |
| Benzene | 562.0 | 4880000 | 0.2430 |
| trichlorinated boron | 563.0 | 4025000 | 0.1539 |
| bromine | 588.0 | 1084000 | 0.0306 |
| butadiene | 394.0 | 5698000 | 0.1164 |
| butane | 425.2 | 3765000 | 0.2009 |
| Butanol | 563.0 | 2932000 | 0.2326 |
| Cesium | 943.4 | 1218000 | 0.0896 |
| chlorine | 416.9 | 7632000 | 0.0571 |
| methylene chloride | 510.7 | 6716000 | 0.1401 |
| Copper | 1380.0 | 81000 | 0.0112 |
| Carbon dioxide | 304.1 | 7384000 | 0.0940 |
| sulfur dioxide | 430.8 | 7958000 | 0.0736 |
| Ethylene | 282.4 | 5042000 | 0.0915 |
| ethyl ether | 466.0 | 2401000 | 0.1982 |
| hydrogen fluoride | 188.1 | 12490000 | 0.0139 |
| Helium | 5.2 | 2272000 | 0.0238 |
| Hydrogen | 32.97 | 12900000 | 0.0123 |
| Iodine | 819.0 | 119200 | 0.0248 |
| Methanol | 512.6 | 8002000 | 0.1101 |
| Carbon monoxide | 132.9 | 3535000 | 0.0349 |
| neon | 44.4 | 2720000 | 0.0248 |
| Nitrogen | 126.2 | 3390000 | 0.0261 |
| Liquid nitrogen | 126.2 | 3370000 | 0.0237 |
| Octane | 569.8 | 2322000 | 0.3536 |
| nitrogen oxide | 180.0 | 977000 | 0.0202 |
| pentane | 469.7 | 2365000 | 0.2425 |
| methylene perchlorate | 431.0 | 15220000 | 0.0216 |
| propadiene | 299.4 | 6033000 | 0.1056 |
| Propane | 369.8 | 4242000 | 0.1523 |
| Propylene | 364.9 | 4653000 | 0.1309 |
| kitchen salt | 1588.0 | 5900 | 0.0227 |
| Sodium | 2485.0 | 35 | 0.0107 |
| Tetrachlorethylene | 536.0 | 3236000 | 0.2039 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 556.4 | 4385000 | 0.1356 |
| dinitrogen tetroxide | 575.0 | 5465000 | 0.0687 |
| Toluene | 591.8 | 4110000 | 0.2677 |
| Trichlorethylene | 466.9 | 3272000 | 0.1695 |
| mercury vapor | 1750.0 | 1650 | 0.0216 |
| xenon | 289.7 | 5840000 | 0.0551 |
| Zinc | 692.7 | 12100 | 0.0154 |
This table can be useful for students and professionals in the fields of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering who want to know the critical points of several common substances. It is worth remembering that the calculated values represent only an estimate of the critical point of each substance, and that they may vary according to environmental conditions.
It is important to highlight that there are other formulas and methods to calculate the critical point of a substance, and that this table does not cover all existing substances. Therefore, to obtain more accurate and comprehensive results, it is recommended to consult other sources of information and perform additional research.
